PDF Download Stars Beneath the Sea: The Extraordinary Lives of the Pioneers of Diving, by Trevor Norton
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Stars Beneath the Sea: The Extraordinary Lives of the Pioneers of Diving, by Trevor Norton
PDF Download Stars Beneath the Sea: The Extraordinary Lives of the Pioneers of Diving, by Trevor Norton
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This is a remarkable true story of some of the brave, brilliant and often barmy men that 'invented' diving. It is a story of explosive tempers and exploding teeth, of how to juggle live hand grenades and steer a giant rubber octopus. The book reveals the eccentric exploits of these underwater pioneers. They include Guy Gilpatric who held a world altitude record when only sixteen, wrote a film for Humphrey Bogart, invented snorkelling and loved his wife enough to shoot her. Roy Miner wore a bucket over his head and stole a coral reef. William Beebe wearied of fishing with dynamite and wrestling deadly snakes, so he sealed himself in a metal coffin to dangle half a mile beneath the ocean. John Haldane discovered how human breathing was controlled and saved divers from the deadly bends underwater. His son, Jack, experimented on himself and ended every test unconscious, bleeding or paralysed. Cameron Wright tested the bouncing bomb for the dam busters, made a plastic ear for a dog, a false testicle for a bull and invented a mantrap disguised as a lavatory. He ascended from a depth of 200 feet without breathing equipment to see if his lungs would burst, then studied the effects of underwater explosions by standing closer and closer until shattered by the blast. The book also traces the evolution of divers from spear fishermen to conservationists, from treasure hunters to archaeologists, from photographers to philosophers. The sea is a secretive and seductive place and the author describes the magic and mystery of being beneath the waves. You may never have wanted to dive, but after this book, it would be a hard heart that wouldn't be tempted to try. --- Trevor Norton, Professor of Marine Biology at the Univ. of Liverpool and Director of the Port Erin Marine Laboratory on the Isle of Man, has authored over 150 scientific publications and is an authority on the history of scientific diving.
- Sales Rank: #2487288 in Books
- Published on: 1999
- Format: Import
- Original language: English
- Binding: Hardcover
- 282 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Rapture of te deep in your armchair
By Harry Eagar
“Stars Beneath the Sea” is a history of man under the sea as told by a standup comic, or perhaps P.J. O’Rourke on his best day.
The most interesting of his characters are three Englishmen, John Haldane, his son J.B.S. and Cameron Wright, who were eccentrics of the sort that English privilege produces so prolifically. But the non-English pioneers (mainly French) were odd, too.
Probably it takes someone a little crazy to put his head underwater and leave it there.
Men — and women, too — have dived for a long time but the rewards of free diving are restricted. The ability to spend long periods underwater opened vast areas of important knowledge, and the systematic approach to devising ways to do that was itself an important source of new knowledge.
Diving, mining, aviation and medicine were positively interfertile in producing revolutionary insights into human physiology. It was this period — the 60 years of research by the Haldanes and Wright beginning around 1900 — that was the most important, but non-scientists had their contributions to make.
North is a diver and marine biologist who knew some of his subjects personally. He has a knowing way with words and a mordant wit.
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Splendid story of divers and diving
By William Podmore
Trevor Norton presents us with a series of vivid portraits of the strange assortment of characters who pioneered diving. Henri Milne Edwards conducted the first expedition by a submarine biologist in 1844 off Sicily. As early as 1865, the mining engineer Benoit Rouqayrol designed a diving suit with a compressed air cylinder at the back, and a demand valve that supplied oxygen only when the diver sucked on the mouthpiece; but the idea somehow lay forgotten for eighty years.
The engineer Otis Barton designed, built and tested the first bathysphere in 1932, reaching a depth of 3000 feet. Jack Kitching was the first marine ecologist. In the 1930s, Guy Gilpatric, who held a world altitude record when he was only sixteen, invented the very idea of diving for pleasure.
John Scott Haldane worked on improving miners' safety and studied the effects of high pressure on deep-sea divers and of altitude sickness in climbers. His son, the communist and geneticist J.B.S. Haldane, was the first to map the genes on a human chromosome. He also worked on solving the problems of pressure experienced by divers and submariners.
In 1942, Jacques Cousteau's colleague Emile Gagnan re-invented the demand valve, the key to developing the self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA). Louis Boutan and Ernest Williamson started underwater photography, popularised by those most photogenic photographers, Hans and Lotte Haas, in their 26 BBC television programmes.
Frederic Dumas, Peter Throckmorton and George Bass initiated underwater archaeology. Throckmorton found lost ships all over the world, most famously a 3,200-year-old wreck at Bodrum on the Aegean coast. He was the first to realise that "it was possible to do scientific archaeology under water." He acutely observed, "What historians had missed, the sea remembered."
Trevor Norton's fascinating book is full of humorous stories and conveys masses of information in a charming and easy style.
11 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Brave Oddballs Who Opened Underneath the Sea to Us
By Donald Mitchell
This is a very rare book. It looks at brave pioneers in an honest and humorous way. You will get a sense of daredevils challenging fate from these stories about the development of undersea exploration by divers.
I called them "oddballs" in my title because most were quite unusual in their personal characteristics, as you will learn from reading the book. Families, personal possessions, and social lives were unusual in almost all cases. They remind me a lot of the barnstorming aviators who pioneered air services.
The book is a series of vignettes about those who first developed diving gear, did underwater biological research, collected samples for museums, learned how to balance gases and pressures to avoid death and injury from diving, hunted underwater with spears, farmed underwater with oysters, took photographs underwater, made movies underwater, and performed archeology on ship wrecks.
The stories are remarkable for three characteristics. First, it took a lot of guts to try these things. The gear wasn't so good, and the dangers were very great. A lot of injury and death did follow. Second, in doing research, these men usually employed themselves as guinea pigs at great personal risk. Many had their lives shortened or their health damaged as a result. Third, almost all of the pioneers ravaged and despoiled whatever area they initially studied. For example, vast reefs were dynamited to bring back samples that museums later discarded. More rare pottery was destroyed in early undersea archeology than was collected. Some of these men thought better of it later, and argued for changed methods.
Some of the people were genuises, uncovering major areas of new knowledge (like the Haldanes, father and son). Others were simply gifted tinkerers. Some were just in the right place at the right time with a yen to scratch. But they all had magnificent passions and harnessed those passions to invent methods that have important applications today.
The stories are enlivened by many drawings and photographs of the people and their work. The newer pioneers were personally known by the author, Professor Norton, and his recollections add much to the reader's enjoyment.
If you have ever marveled at sites under water that you have seen on television, in movies, or in books, you will be riveted by this book. The bulk of the developments that make these accomplishments possible are quite new, and were hard-wrought in most cases.
Professor Norton tells his tales like an old salt holding a pint of grog in a smoky tavern near a fire in a fishing harbor on the Irish Sea. You'll love them!
After you have finished enjoying this book, I encourage you to think about where else you do not know the background of some wonderful modern capability that inspires you. What about cave exploration? Many of the great beauties in caves were unknown until the last few hundred years.
Then go learn more about whatever inspiring subject it is that you do not yet know the development of. This should greatly add to you understanding of what you enjoy. It may even encourage you to employ your passion in this area in a new way!
Take a deep breath and dive right in!
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